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1.
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Medium-Carbon Steels: Atlas of Fractographs
Volume: Volume 12, Fractography
Article: Medium-Carbon Steels: Atlas of Fractographs
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Figure: ...for ductile metals; in this case, annealed
AISI 1035.
Fracture originates near the center of the section with
multiple cracks that join and spread outward. When cracks
reach a region near the surface, the stress state changes
from tension to macroshear, forming a fracture at
approximately 45 to...
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2.
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Carbon Steels
1000
Volume: Volume 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Article: Classification and Designation of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels
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...in the tables referenced in the section SAE-AISI
Designations in this article. See Tables 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22....
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3.
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SAE- AISI Designations
Volume: Metals Handbook Desk Edition
Article: Classifications and Designations of Carbon and Alloy Steels
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...designating carbon and alloy steels is the SAE-AISI system.
Technically, there are two separate systems, but they are
nearly identical and have been carefully coordinated by the
two groups. It should be noted, however, that AISI has
discontinued the practice of designating steels. Therefore,
the...
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4.
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Machinability
Volume: Volume 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Article: Cold-Finished Steel Bars
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...excessively. In contrast, a steel such as 1144, which is
inherently low in ductility because of its higher carbon
content, shows little improvement in machining after cold
drawing. The increased hardness that results from cold
drawing can be deleterious to the machinability of the
higher-carbon...
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5.
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Footnote
Volume: Volume 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Article: Physical Properties of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels
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Coefficients of linear thermal expansion for carbon and
low-alloy steels
...expansion for carbon and low-alloy steels AISI-SAE grade
Treatment or condition Average coefficient of expansion, m/m
K, at C ( F) (a) 20 100 (68 212) 20 200 (68 392) 20 300 (68
572) 20 400 (68 752) 20 500 (68 932) 20 600 (68 1112) 20 700
(68 1292) 1008 Annealed 12.6 (b) 13.1 (b) 13.5 (b)...
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6.
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Weldability Consider
1000
ations for Carbon Steels
Volume: Volume 6 (1993), Welding, Brazing, and Soldering (Archived)
Article: Arc Welding of Carbon Steels
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Table 3 Recommended preheat and interpass temperatures
for selected carbon steels
...temperatures for selected carbon steels AISI-SAE steel
specifications Recommended welding conditions Carbon range, %
(a) Thickness range Minimum preheat and interpass temperature
Postweld heat treatment Peening may be necessary Low hydrogen
Other than low hydrogen Desirable or optional...
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7.
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Speed and Feed
Volume: Volume 16, Machining
Article: Gear Manufacture
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Table 3 Feeds and speeds for the hobbing of carbon and
low-alloy steel gears with high-speed steel tools
...Module Diametral pitch mm in. m/min sfm ISO AISI Wrought
free-machining carbon steels Low-carbon resulfurized: 1116,
1117, 1118, 1119, 1211, 1212 100 150 Hot rolled or annealed
25 13 1 2 2 1.50 0.060 67 220 S4, S2 M2, M7 12 2.5 3 10 1
1.50 0.060 70 230 2 1.5 11 19 1 1.50 0.060 73 240 1 0.5 20
48...
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8.
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Applications of Normalizing Based on Steel Classification
Volume: Volume 4, Heat Treating
Article: Normalizing of Steel
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Table 3 Properties of selected carbon and alloy steels in
the hot-rolled, normalized, and annealed conditions
...hot-rolled, normalized, and annealed conditions AISI grade (a)
Condition or treatment Tensile strength Yield strength
Elongation (b) , % Reduction in area, % Hardness, HB Izod
impact strength MPa ksi MPa ksi J ft lbf 1015 As-rolled 420
61 315 46 39.0 61 126 111 82 Normalized at 925 C (1700 F)
425...
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9.
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Reference cited in this section
Volume: Volume 6A, Welding Fundamentals and Processes
Article: Preheat and Postweld Heat Treatment Temperatures for Selected Steels
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Table 1 Recommended preheat and interpass temperatures
for selected carbon steels
...temperatures for selected carbon steels AISI-SAE steel
specif-ications Recommended welding condition Carbon range
(a) , % Thickness range Minimum preheat and interpass
temperature Postweld heat treatment Peening may be necessary
Low hydrogen Other than low hydrogen Desirable or optional...
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1000
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10.
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Deep Holes
Volume: Volume 16, Machining
Article: Trepanning
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Table 1 Speeds and feeds for the deep-hole trepanning of
various steels with high-speed tool steels and carbide
tools
...(a) Tool material m/min sfm mm/rev in./rev ISO AISI or C
Wrought free-machining carbon steels Low-carbon resulfurized:
1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1211, 1212 100 150 Hot rolled or
annealed 35 115 0.20 0.008 S4, S5 M2, M3 150 500 0.20 0.008
P30 C-6 150 200 Cold drawn 37 120 0.20 0.008 S4, S5 M2, M3
185...
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11.
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Selection of Machining Process
Volume: Volume 16, Machining
Article: Gear Manufacture
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Table 2 Feeds and speeds for the shaving of carbon and
low-alloy steel gears with high-speed steel tools
...Module Diametral pitch mm in. m/min sfm ISO AISI Wrought
free-machining carbon steels Low-carbon resulfurized: 1116,
1117, 1118, 1119, 1211, 1212 100 150 Hot rolled or annealed
25 6 1 4 0.3 0.012 185 610 S4, S2 M2, M7 5 3 5 10 0.2 0.008 2
1.5 11 19 0.12 0.005 1 and finer 20 and finer 0.07 0.003...
1000
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12.
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Selection of Stroke Speed
Volume: Volume 16, Machining
Article: Broaching
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Table 3 Feeds and speeds for broaching various steels
with high-speed tool steels and carbide tools
...material grade m/min sfm mm/tooth in./tooth ISO AISI or C
Wrought free-machining carbon steels Low-carbon resulfurized:
1108, 1109, 1110, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1211, 1212,
1213, 1215 Medium-carbon resulfurized: 1132, 1137, 1139,
1140, 1141, 1144, 1145,
1146, 1151 Low-carbon leaded: 10L18,...
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13.
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Properties of Carbon and Alloy Steels
Volume: Metals Handbook Desk Edition
Article: Mechanical Properties of Carbon and Alloy Steels
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Table 1 Mechanical properties of selected carbon and
alloy steels in the hot-rolled, normalized, and annealed
condition
...hot-rolled, normalized, and annealed condition AISI No. (a)
Treatment
1000
Austenitizing temperature Tensile strength Yield
strength Elongation, % Reduction in area, % Hardness, HB
�C �F MPa ksi MPa ksi 1015 As-rolled . . . . . .
420.6 61.0 313.7 45.5 39.0 61.0 126 Normalized 925 1700 424.0
61.5...
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14.
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Basis of Material Selection
Volume: Volume 20, Materials Selection and Design
Article: Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Irons and Steels
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Table 1 Composition of selected carbon steels
...G11410 0.37-0.45 1.35-1.65 0.040 max 0.08-0.13 1144 G11440
0.40-0.48 1.35-1.65 0.040 max 0.24-0.33 1146 G11460 0.42-0.49
0.70-1.00 0.040 max 0.08-0.13 1151 G11510 0.48-0.55 0.70-1.00
0.040 max 0.08-0.13 Free-machining grades, resulfurized and
rephosphorized 1211 G12110 0.13 max 0.60-0.90 0.07-0.12...
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15.
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Influential Microstructural Features
Volume: Volume 11, Failure Analysis and Prevention
Article: Failures Related to Heat Treating Operations
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C39
Figure: ...Fig. 83 Relationship between
austenitization processing parameters and grain size for a
grain-refined and non-grain-refined AISI 1060 steel.
(a) Effect of austenitization temperature and 2 h soaking
time. (b) Effect of austenitizing time. Source: Ref 30...
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16.
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Quench Cracking
Volume: Volume 4, Heat Treating
Article: Defects and Distortion in Heat-Treated Parts
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...is, steels with more than 0.05% S, for example, AISI 1141 and
1144) are more
susceptible to cracking than the low-sulfur grades. The
reasons for this are that they are more segregated in
alloying elements, the surface of this hot-rolled high-sulfur
steel has a greater tendency to form seams, which...
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